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Why this matters

Most teams discover multi-agent failure modes the same way: a critical demo, a senior stakeholder, a confidently-wrong agent. The patterns below come from shipping these systems into customer-facing flows where “model picked the wrong tool” is a P1.

The hard part of multi-agent isn’t the agents — it’s the protocol they use to talk to each other.

— A senior staff engineer, after a long week

Three patterns that pay off

  1. Strict tool schemas with provenance. Every tool call records which agent invoked it, with what arguments, and what came back. Replay becomes trivial; debugging stops being archeology.
  2. Bounded autonomy ladders. Each agent has a maximum number of self-directed steps before control returns to a supervisor. This caps blast radius without sacrificing the value of agentic loops.
  3. Eval-as-deployment-gate. A regression suite of real customer prompts, run on every model swap. If win-rate drops, the deploy doesn’t ship.

Building one of these systems?

I help senior teams ship production agentic systems. Happy to compare notes.

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Closing

More on each of these in follow-up posts. If you’ve hit a failure mode that doesn’t fit one of the three above, I want to hear about it.